Archive for the ‘Usability’ Category

3 More Recipes for Persuasive Content

Saturday, January 3rd, 2009

I’m delighted with the response to 10 Recipes for Persuasive Content.  Great discussion. Hungry for more?  I’ve added three new recipes:

11. Remember Persuasion Isn’t Just for Sales

Many people isolate persuasive content to sales.  However, persuasive content is also important for customer service, self-service, and technical support. Why? Because in those contexts you still have the opportunity to influence customers.  For example, you might

  • Remind customers of your product or service benefits and differentiators.
  • Convince people to remain customers despite the problem or misunderstanding they experienced.
  • Highlight a different or additional product or service that better meets the customer’s need and might prevent future problems or misunderstandings.
  • Convince people to try customer self-service or features such as paperless billing (see example below).
  • Show appreciation for the customer.

The trick, of course, is to be sensitive to the timing and context.  Don’t try to upsell the customer before addressing the customer service need.  And don’t try to upsell the customer to a completely irrelevant product or service. An example is one of my favorite projects for Cingular Wireless, the Cingular Service Summary.  This print document, e-mail, and web content promoted self-service options to new and renewed customers.  Given to customers AFTER the sale, the content focuses on relevant information.  We had to fight to keep inappropriate upselling out of it. The fight paid off…AT&T uses a similar concept today.

The Cingular Service Summary promoted self-service options.
The Cingular Service Summary promoted self-service options.


12. Consider the Influence of “Unread” Content

Content such as brand, product, or company history and company accomplishments might seem to be junk food. Certainly, a Web site should not have more content about its history than about its products or services. But such content feeds the appetite for credibility, especially for potential clients or customers.

Here’s an example. I recently contributed to User Insight’s redesign (to launch in January 2009). I recommended that they include this type of content.  They included very little of it in their early designs, thinking that content was not useful enough.  When User Insight tested it with potential clients, guess what they asked for?

Another example I’ve discussed in a UXMatters column is the Mini-Cooper.  The history of the product is part of its appeal, so devoting some well-crafted content to it is more than appropriate.

13. Quantify the Abstract

I’ve mentioned metaphors as a fantastic way to make intangible concepts, such as services, tangible. Another way is through numbers or quantifications. Communicating the value of services—or really anything other than a hold-in-your-hand product—to new or unfamiliar customers might be a challenge. Numbers give people a taste of the service’s impact and benefit.  Numbers are also a great rational appeal (Recipe #6).

For example, Huge Interactive devotes much of its home page to statistics—projects completed, number of employees, and more (see example below). These statistics are not particularly attractive.  But they make the results of an interactive agency’s good work undeniably real. The fact the company even has these stats suggests it is organized and reliable. Finally, most people in the interactive world are familiar with metrics. Including these stats shows that Huge can speak that language.

In helping User Insight with its soon-to-launch redesign, we used numbers throughout the content to help show User Insight’s credibility as well as to drive home one of its differentiators, research efficiency. People sometimes perceive research as slow. Numbers such as completing 150 projects in a year help prove User Insight is anything but.

Huge makes the impact of an interactive agency tangible through numbers.
Huge makes the impact of an interactive agency tangible through numbers.

A Review of American Airlines’ Mobile Boarding Pass

Friday, November 28th, 2008

Any company with a mobile interest is creating new customer experiences faster than you can say “iPhone.” An interesting one is American Airlines’ mobile boarding pass.  In this experience, innovative mobile bar codes allow customers to check in board using their only phones—no paper needed.

An example of a mobile barcode

An example of a mobile barcode

Kudos to American Airlines for trying to take the mobile experience to the next level. This approach sounds excellent in theory and, indeed, mobile bar codes have tremendous potential across many industries, including travel. But using a new technology does not replace the need to plan and design the user / customer experience appropriately.  As this UX review from Data Collection Online suggests, the American Airlines experience has many kinks to work out.  Perhaps the most important kinks are

  • Not clearly setting customers’ expectations.
    If the customer does not have the right type of phone, you need to tell the customer up front.
  • Having too many steps, clicks, and downloads in the process.
    When paper starts to seem much more desirable than the mobile process, something is wrong.  The experience needs to be quick and seamless.

Working out these kinks is very possible.  I wish American Airlines good luck in refining their innovative mobile experience into a winning one.

The American Airlines mobile boarding pass on the iPhone

The American Airlines mobile boarding pass

Content Is More Than Copy

Saturday, September 6th, 2008

When I talk to people — clients, UX professionals, interactive marketers — about content, I find an assumption often lurks beneath their comments.  What’s that assumption?  It’s content = copy.  From that assumption follows many other unspoken assumptions that give me the willies:

  • We can scrounge the content together at the last minute. 
  • Anyone who can write a sentence can develop content.
  • We shouldn’t invest money in content.  We should invest it in technical development.
  • We don’t have to do much to keep content fresh or of high quality.
  • We need to worry about content for just one project, product, or channel at a time.

No, no, a thousand times no! Content is so much more than copy.  Content is strategic. This perspective is critical to making the right design and investment decisions for a product or an interactive marketing effort.  Here’s my stab at explaining why.

The Literal Explanation: Content Is Other Things, Too

Sure, copy / text is a big part of content…so are these things:

  • Photos and images
  • Data and numbers and related visualizations of them
  • Videos

What is more, usually these items have a relationship with the text, such as supporting or further explaining the text.  If you think content is only copy, you’re probably neglecting these other types of content.  And you’re likely not coordinating them well with the copy.


Photos are  quite literally content.  For more, see my friend Nick’s blog.

The Philosophical Explanation: Content Automates and Differentiates

Businesses are using interactive channels more and more for self-service, where customers can help themselves.  Some folks such as Daniel Pink say we’re entering an age of more automation than ever.  Also, Forrester reports continue to show that the trend toward self-service is only rising. That means interactive channels are not just conveying a message.  They are replacing human interactions.  They are providing the service.  We can shop online, manage accounts online, pay bills over the phone, receive shipping notifications by text message, check in to flights with a kiosk.  So our content needs to provide the “human” factor.  It needs to speak like an ingenious sales person, a helpful customer service representative, an affable technical support expert, and more.  The content needs to do everything possible to help customers succeed in using self-service.

I’d say that’s a big job you can’t throw together at the last minute. :-)

Furthermore, usability and technical performance will be important to self-service — but not the differentiator.  Thanks to the keen awareness of usability in the interactive and user experience world, everyone will be concerned about usability and technical performance.  Your company, your competitors, everyone. It’s obvious a customer can’t get service from a hard-to-use, slow, or buggy application.  But usability and technical performance only get you on the playing field.  What gives you the winning edge is persuasive, useful content.

Sound far-fetched?  Consider this. At the close of 2006, Forrester released a report entitled “Use Persuasive Content to Improve the Customer Experience.” This report calls for less emphasis on the technical aspects of content management systems and more emphasis on the content itself.  To quote:

Information and knowledge management professionals who support eBusiness, multichannel, and Web content management initiatives can drive signficant improvements in customer experiences. How? By putting more emphasis on using content to help customers — whether  it is providing relevant information when customers buy a product or delivering easy-to-use or understandable content for customer self-service Websites — rather than simply focusing on how to create, manage, and search for content.

Let’s stop treating content like it’s crap work.  Let’s get serious about content, for it’s key to helping customers and differentiating our companies, our products, ourselves.  Content is more than copy!

Making the Most of Interactive Content

Tuesday, August 5th, 2008

For people like me, who care about content, it’s an exciting time. We now have more and better interactive options for presenting the right content, in the right place, in the right amount, at the right time. Interactive content can indeed be winning content. The trick is to make sure your content stays usable and persuasive.

In my latest column for UXMatters, I present some considerations and examples for making the most of interactive content.

Got Winning Content?

Thursday, July 17th, 2008

Gotvmail.com is a site with wonderful examples of content that is both usable and persuasive–or what I call winning. The site makes its voicemail service hard to resist through a variety of techniques. On the home page, two clear calls to action (Sign Up and See How It Works) are surrounded by

  • a succinct summary of the service and its pricing.
  • logos and icons of awards and accolades earned to enhance the service’s credibility.
  • a client testimonial to show that other people are using the service.
  • certification logos such as Hacker Safe to assuage security and privacy fears.
  • clear ways to get more details about how the service works and its features.

A home page with content like this simply can’t lose.

GotVMail